A cystotomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening in the wall of the urinary bladder. This type of procedure is used to treat a number of conditions, but is also performed to diagnose a problem that other diagnostic tests did not reveal. We often perform a cystotomy to collect a biopsy, conduct an exploratory, or to treat an identified problem such as a tumor, bladder stones and urethral obstructions. Given that this is such a common procedure to remove stones and treating blocked cats, many reasons for urinary problems can often be avoided by ensuring your pet is on a proper urinary diet.